68 research outputs found
A SAT encoding for Multi-dimensional Packing Problems
International audienceThe Orthogonal Packing Problem (OPP) consists in determining if a set of items can be packed into a given container. This decision problem is NP-complete. S. P. Fekete et al. modelled the problem in which the overlaps between the objects in each dimension are represented by interval graphs. In this paper we propose a SAT encoding of Fekete et al. characterization. Some results are presented, and the efficiency of this approach is compared with other SAT encodings
Maximizing Maximal Angles for Plane Straight-Line Graphs
Let be a plane straight-line graph on a finite point set
in general position. The incident angles of a vertex
of are the angles between any two edges of that appear consecutively in
the circular order of the edges incident to .
A plane straight-line graph is called -open if each vertex has an
incident angle of size at least . In this paper we study the following
type of question: What is the maximum angle such that for any finite set
of points in general position we can find a graph from a certain
class of graphs on that is -open? In particular, we consider the
classes of triangulations, spanning trees, and paths on and give tight
bounds in most cases.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures. Apart of minor corrections, some proofs that
were omitted in the previous version are now include
Minimizing the stabbing number of matchings, trees, and triangulations
The (axis-parallel) stabbing number of a given set of line segments is the
maximum number of segments that can be intersected by any one (axis-parallel)
line. This paper deals with finding perfect matchings, spanning trees, or
triangulations of minimum stabbing number for a given set of points. The
complexity of these problems has been a long-standing open question; in fact,
it is one of the original 30 outstanding open problems in computational
geometry on the list by Demaine, Mitchell, and O'Rourke. The answer we provide
is negative for a number of minimum stabbing problems by showing them NP-hard
by means of a general proof technique. It implies non-trivial lower bounds on
the approximability. On the positive side we propose a cut-based integer
programming formulation for minimizing the stabbing number of matchings and
spanning trees. We obtain lower bounds (in polynomial time) from the
corresponding linear programming relaxations, and show that an optimal
fractional solution always contains an edge of at least constant weight. This
result constitutes a crucial step towards a constant-factor approximation via
an iterated rounding scheme. In computational experiments we demonstrate that
our approach allows for actually solving problems with up to several hundred
points optimally or near-optimally.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, Latex. To appear in "Discrete and Computational
Geometry". Previous version (extended abstract) appears in SODA 2004, pp.
430-43
Pareto optimality in house allocation problems
We study Pareto optimal matchings in the context of house allocation problems. We present an O(\sqrt{n}m) algorithm, based on Gales Top Trading Cycles Method, for finding a maximum cardinality Pareto optimal matching, where n is the number of agents and m is the total length of the preference lists. By contrast, we show that the problem of finding a minimum cardinality Pareto optimal matching is NP-hard, though approximable within a factor of 2. We then show that there exist Pareto optimal matchings of all sizes between a minimum and maximum cardinality Pareto optimal matching. Finally, we introduce the concept of a signature, which allows us to give a characterization, checkable in linear time, of instances that admit a unique Pareto optimal matching
Bounded-Angle Spanning Tree: Modeling Networks with Angular Constraints
We introduce a new structure for a set of points in the plane and an angle
, which is similar in flavor to a bounded-degree MST. We name this
structure -MST. Let be a set of points in the plane and let be an angle. An -ST of is a spanning tree of the
complete Euclidean graph induced by , with the additional property that for
each point , the smallest angle around containing all the edges
adjacent to is at most . An -MST of is then an
-ST of of minimum weight. For , an -ST does
not always exist, and, for , it always exists. In this paper,
we study the problem of computing an -MST for several common values of
.
Motivated by wireless networks, we formulate the problem in terms of
directional antennas. With each point , we associate a wedge of
angle and apex . The goal is to assign an orientation and a radius
to each wedge , such that the resulting graph is connected and its
MST is an -MST. (We draw an edge between and if , , and .) Unsurprisingly, the problem of computing an
-MST is NP-hard, at least for and . We
present constant-factor approximation algorithms for .
One of our major results is a surprising theorem for ,
which, besides being interesting from a geometric point of view, has important
applications. For example, the theorem guarantees that given any set of
points in the plane and any partitioning of the points into triplets,
one can orient the wedges of each triplet {\em independently}, such that the
graph induced by is connected. We apply the theorem to the {\em antenna
conversion} problem
Superallowed 0+ to 0+ nuclear beta decays: A new survey with precision tests of the conserved vector current hypothesis and the standard model
A new critical survey is presented of all half-life, decay-energy and
branching-ratio measurements related to 20 0+ to 0+ beta decays. Compared with
our last review, there are numerous improvements: First, we have added 27
recently published measurements and eliminated 9 references; of particular
importance, the new data include a number of high-precision Penning-trap
measurements of decay energies. Second, we have used the recently improved
isospin symmetry-breaking corrections. Third, our calculation of the
statistical rate function now accounts for possible excitation in the daughter
atom. Finally, we have re-examined the systematic uncertainty associated with
the isospin symmetry-breaking corrections by evaluating the radial-overlap
correction using Hartree-Fock radial wave functions and comparing the results
with our earlier calculations, which used Saxon-Woods wave functions; the
provision for systematic uncertainty has been changed as a consequence. The new
corrected Ft values are impressively constant and their average, when combined
with the muon liftime, yields the up-down quark-mixing element of the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, V_{ud} = 0.97425(22). The unitarity
test on the top row of the matrix becomes |V_{ud}|^2 + |V_{us}|^2 + |V_{ub}|^2
= 0.99995(61). Both V_{ud} and the unitarity sum have significantly reduced
uncertainties compared with our previous survey, although the new value of
V_{ud} is statistically consistent with the old one. From these data we also
set limits on the possible existence of scalar interactions, right-hand
currents and extra Z bosons. Finally, we discuss the priorities for future
theoretical and experimental work with the goal of making the CKM unitarity
test even more definitive.Comment: 36 pages, 11 tables, 9 figure
Tactile Presentation of Network Data: Text, Matrix or Diagram?
Visualisations are commonly used to understand social, biological and other
kinds of networks. Currently, we do not know how to effectively present network
data to people who are blind or have low-vision (BLV). We ran a controlled
study with 8 BLV participants comparing four tactile representations: organic
node-link diagram, grid node-link diagram, adjacency matrix and braille list.
We found that the node-link representations were preferred and more effective
for path following and cluster identification while the matrix and list were
better for adjacency tasks. This is broadly in line with findings for the
corresponding visual representations.Comment: To appear in the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems (CHI 2020
Complexity Results for the Spanning Tree Congestion Problem
We study the problem of determining the spanning tree congestion of a graph. We present some sharp contrasts in the complexity of this problem. First, we show that for every fixed k and d the problem to determine whether a given graph has spanning tree congestion at most k can be solved in linear time for graphs of degree at most d. In contrast, if we allow only one vertex of unbounded degree, the problem immediately becomes NP-complete for any fixed k ≥ 10. For very small values of k however, the problem becomes polynomially solvable. We also show that it is NP-hard to approximate the spanning tree congestion within a factor better than 11/10. On planar graphs, we prove the problem is NP-hard in general, but solvable in linear time for fixed k
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